Hemorrhoids (Piles) — Patient Information
Hemorrhoids are cushions of blood vessels in the anal canal. When they become enlarged or inflamed they may cause bleeding, discomfort, itching or a sensation of swelling. Many cases respond to conservative measures; a portion may require a procedure based on examination findings.
Common symptoms
- Bright red bleeding during or after defecation
- Itching, irritation or moisture around the anus
- A lump or swelling that may be felt at the anal opening
- Discomfort or a sensation of incomplete emptying
When to see a doctor
Persistent bleeding, severe pain, a hard painful lump, or any change in bowel habits should be evaluated. Bleeding should never be assumed to be 'just hemorrhoids' without examination — other causes including fissure, polyps or malignancy must be excluded.
How diagnosis is made
Diagnosis is based on history, inspection and anorectal examination. Anoscopy or colonoscopy may be advised depending on age, symptoms and risk factors.
Treatment approach
Initial management usually combines dietary fibre, fluid intake, toilet habit adjustments and topical agents. When conservative measures are insufficient, office or surgical procedures including laser-assisted techniques may be considered. The choice depends on the grade of hemorrhoids and individual findings.
This page is for general information only
The content here is not a diagnosis or treatment recommendation and does not replace an individual medical evaluation. If your symptoms persist, consult a physician. In emergencies call 112 or the nearest emergency department.