Colonoscopy: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Assessment

Colonoscopy is used both for screening in people without symptoms and for investigating specific complaints. The indication is individual and depends on age, symptoms and family history.

Symptom-based indications

Unexplained or recurrent rectal bleeding
Persistent change in bowel habit beyond a few weeks
Iron deficiency anaemia without an obvious cause
Unintended weight loss with abdominal symptoms
Chronic diarrhoea or suspected inflammatory bowel disease

Risk-based indications

Age-based screening as advised by current guidance
Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
Previous polyps requiring surveillance
Known hereditary syndromes

What the procedure involves

After bowel preparation, the colon is examined endoscopically, usually under sedation. Polyps can often be removed and biopsies taken during the same session.

This page is for general information only

The content here is not a diagnosis or treatment recommendation and does not replace an individual medical evaluation. If your symptoms persist, consult a physician. In emergencies call 112 or the nearest emergency department.

Symptoms Treatments FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Is colonoscopy painful?

It is usually performed under sedation, so most patients experience little or no discomfort during the procedure.

How often should it be repeated?

The interval depends on the findings, pathology results and personal risk factors.

Are there alternatives?

Other tests exist for screening, but colonoscopy allows biopsy and polyp removal in the same session.